Update CI to .NET 10, improve versioning and packaging

- Switch CI pipeline to use .NET 10.0 SDK images for build and publish jobs
- Set GIT_DEPTH=0 and fetch full git history for accurate versioning
- Refactor publish_nuget job to sanitize and inject GitVersion output into package version
- Downgrade GitVersion.MsBuild to 5.13.0 to match CLI tool version
- In csproj, set <Version> from sanitized GitVersion output with fallback
- Remove prevent-increment-of-merged-branch-version from GitVersion.yml for main/master

GitVersion.yml

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ branches:
   main:
     regex: ^main$
     increment: Minor
-    prevent-increment-of-merged-branch-version: true
     track-merge-target: false
   master:
     regex: ^master$
     increment: Minor
-    prevent-increment-of-merged-branch-version: true
     track-merge-target: false
   feature:
     regex: ^(?:feat(?:ure)?|feature)[/\\-]